Cesare - De Bello Gallico
Liber II
I
Liber II
I
Cum esset Caesar in citeriore Gallia [in hibernis], ita uti supra demonstravimus, crebri ad eum rumores adferebantur litterisque item Labieni certior fiebat omnes Belgas, quam tertiam esse Galliae partem dixeramus, contra populum Romanum coniurare obsidesque inter se dare. Coniurandi has esse causas: primum quod vererentur ne, omni pacata Gallia, ad eos exercitus noster adduceretur; deinde quod ab non nullis Gallis sollicitarentur, partim qui, ut Germanos diutius in Gallia versari noluerant, ita populi Romani exercitum hiemare atque inveterascere in Gallia moleste ferebant, partim qui mobilitate et levitate animi novis imperiis studebant; ab non nullis etiam quod in Gallia a potentioribus atque iis qui ad conducendos homines facultates habebant vulgo regna occupabantur; qui minus facile eam rem imperio nostro consequi poterant.
Mentre Cesare si trovava in Gallia cisalpina e le legioni erano state dislocate - lo si ? visto sopra - negli accampamenti invernali, di frequente gli giungevano delle voci, confermate anche da una lettera di Labieno: tutti i Belgi, che rappresentano, come abbiamo detto, una delle tre parti della Gallia, stavano formando una lega contro il popolo romano e si scambiavano ostaggi. I motivi dell'alleanza erano i seguenti. Primo, temevano che il nostro esercito, una volta subdued Gaul, attack them. Second, while receiving pressure from several Galli (there were those who did not want the presence of the Germans in Gaul, and of course, resented the Roman army wintering and are implanted in their country and there were those who, unstable and volatile of mind, called for political upheaval) and then many others throughout the kingdoms of Gaul were generally in the hands of those who had more? power and have the resources to hire an army, and they, under our domain, so they could not? easily achieve their goals.
Mentre Cesare si trovava in Gallia cisalpina e le legioni erano state dislocate - lo si ? visto sopra - negli accampamenti invernali, di frequente gli giungevano delle voci, confermate anche da una lettera di Labieno: tutti i Belgi, che rappresentano, come abbiamo detto, una delle tre parti della Gallia, stavano formando una lega contro il popolo romano e si scambiavano ostaggi. I motivi dell'alleanza erano i seguenti. Primo, temevano che il nostro esercito, una volta subdued Gaul, attack them. Second, while receiving pressure from several Galli (there were those who did not want the presence of the Germans in Gaul, and of course, resented the Roman army wintering and are implanted in their country and there were those who, unstable and volatile of mind, called for political upheaval) and then many others throughout the kingdoms of Gaul were generally in the hands of those who had more? power and have the resources to hire an army, and they, under our domain, so they could not? easily achieve their goals.
II
His Nuntiis litterisque commotus Caesar duas legiones in citeriore Gallia novas conscripsit et inita aestate in ulteriorem Galliam qui deduceret Q. Pedium legatum misit. Ipse, cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit. Dat negotium Senonibus reliquisque Gallis qui finitimi Belgis erant uti ea quae apud eos gerantur cognoscant seque de his rebus certiorem faciant. Hi constanter omnes nuntiaverunt manus cogi, exercitum in unum locum conduci. Tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur. Re frumentaria provisa castra movet diebusque circiter XV ad fines Belgarum pervenit.
Le notizie e la lettera di Labieno spinsero Cesare ad arruolare in Gallia cisalpina due nuove legioni, e il legato Q. Pedio, all'inizio dell'estate, ricevette l'incarico to lead in Transalpine Gaul. Caesar joined the army as soon as you start? enough to be fodder. For Senoni Galli and other neighbors, the Belgians gave assignment to obtain information and communicate what the Belgians were preparing. Everyone agreed, they reported that recruitment was underway and that the troops were concentrated in one place. Only then was thought that Caesar was not to hesitate to move against them. Prepare stocks of corn, remove the tents and in about fifteen days arrives in the region of the Belgians.
Le notizie e la lettera di Labieno spinsero Cesare ad arruolare in Gallia cisalpina due nuove legioni, e il legato Q. Pedio, all'inizio dell'estate, ricevette l'incarico to lead in Transalpine Gaul. Caesar joined the army as soon as you start? enough to be fodder. For Senoni Galli and other neighbors, the Belgians gave assignment to obtain information and communicate what the Belgians were preparing. Everyone agreed, they reported that recruitment was underway and that the troops were concentrated in one place. Only then was thought that Caesar was not to hesitate to move against them. Prepare stocks of corn, remove the tents and in about fifteen days arrives in the region of the Belgians.
III
Eo cum de improviso celeriusque venisset fully comprehensive review, Remi, qui proximi Galliae ex Belgis sunt, ad eum legatos Iccium et Andebrogium, primos civitatis, miserunt, qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere, neque se cum reliquis Belgis consensisse neque contra populum Romanum coniurasse, paratosque esse et obsides dare et imperata facere et oppidis recipere et frumento ceterisque rebus iuvare; reliquos omnes Belgas in armis esse, Germanosque qui cis Rhenum incolant sese cum his coniunxisse, tantumque esse eorum omnium furorem ut ne Suessiones quidem, fratres consanguineosque suos, qui eodem iure et isdem legibus utantur, unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant, deterrere potuerint quin cum iis consentirent.
Il suo arrivo fu sudden and more? fast against all the odds. The Remi, the Belgian people more? close to Gaul, sent him as ambassadors and Iccio Andocumborio, the pi? distinguished between citizens, were placed with all their possessions under the protection and authority? the Roman people had not shared the feelings of other Belgians, n? joined the league against Rome were ready to hand over hostages to execute orders, to accept the Roman soldiers in their city?. to supply them with corn and everything you need, the other Belgians were already? in arms and they had joined the Germans committed on both sides of the Rhine, had taken them all this madness and a desire that the oars had failed to dissuade even the Suessioni, brothers, relatives of: eppure avevano in comune leggi e diritto, dipendevano da un unico comandante militare e magistrato civile.
Il suo arrivo fu sudden and more? fast against all the odds. The Remi, the Belgian people more? close to Gaul, sent him as ambassadors and Iccio Andocumborio, the pi? distinguished between citizens, were placed with all their possessions under the protection and authority? the Roman people had not shared the feelings of other Belgians, n? joined the league against Rome were ready to hand over hostages to execute orders, to accept the Roman soldiers in their city?. to supply them with corn and everything you need, the other Belgians were already? in arms and they had joined the Germans committed on both sides of the Rhine, had taken them all this madness and a desire that the oars had failed to dissuade even the Suessioni, brothers, relatives of: eppure avevano in comune leggi e diritto, dipendevano da un unico comandante militare e magistrato civile.
IV
Cum ab iis quaereret quae civitates quantaeque in armis essent et quid in bello possent, sic reperiebat: plerosque Belgos esse ortos a Germanis Rhenumque antiquitus traductos propter loci fertilitatem ibi consedisse Gallosque qui ea loca incolerent expulisse, solosque esse qui, patrum nostrorum memoria omni Gallia vexata, Teutonos Cimbrosque intra suos fines ingredi prohibuerint; qua ex re fieri uti earum rerum memoria magnam sibi auctoritatem magnosque spiritus in re militari sumerent. De numero eorum omnia se habere explorata Remi dicebant, propterea quod propinquitatibus adfinitatibus quo coniuncti quantam quisque multitudinem in communi Belgarum concilio ad id bellum pollicitus sit cognoverint. Plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute et auctoritate et hominum numero valere: hos posse conficere armata milia centum, pollicitos ex eo numero electa milia LX totiusque belli imperium sibi postulare. Suessiones suos esse finitimos; fines latissimos feracissimosque agros possidere. Apud eos fuisse regem nostra etiam memoria Diviciacum, totius Galliae potentissimum, qui cum magnae partis harum regionum, tum etiam Britanniae imperium obtinuerit; nunc esse regem Galbam: ad hunc propter iustitiam prudentiamque summam totius belli omnium voluntate deferri; oppida habere numero XII, polliceri milia armata L; totidem Nervios, qui maxime feri inter ipsos habeantur longissimeque absint; XV milia Atrebates, Ambianos X milia, Morinos XXV milia, Menapios VII milia, Caletos X milia, Veliocasses et Viromanduos totidem, Atuatucos XVIIII milia; Condrusos, Eburones, Caerosos, Paemanos, qui uno nomine Germani appellantur, arbitrari ad XL milia.
Cesare chiese ai Remi quanti e quali popoli si trovassero in armi e quanto valessero in guerra. Ecco che cosa seppe: la maggior parte dei Belgi discendeva dai Germani; anticamente avevano varcato il Reno attratti dalla fertilit? della regione e l'avevano occupata, scacciando i Galli che l'abitavano; all'epoca dei nostri padri erano stati gli unici a impedire ai Cimbri e ai Teutons, who had set fire to the whole of Gaul, to penetrate into their territories and why?, Mindful of the company, the Belgians will attach the utmost importance and they were very proud of their military force. About the number of participants in the league, claimed to have all of Remi the data safe, why? thanks to close ties of kinship and knew how many men had promised each people for the war at the general meeting of the Belgians. The pi? powerful value, prestige and number were Bellovaci, able to put together an army of a hundred thousand men, he had promised sixty thousand chosen and asked the supreme command of the operations. Their neighbors were the Suessioni, who had very extensive and fertile lands. They were King, even in our days, Divitiacus, the ruler more? powerful of all Gaul, under whose rule had fallen many regions of the country, and even Britain, now reigned Galba: to him, just and wise man, he was awarded the supreme command by unanimous consent, their city? were twelve and they had agreed to provide fifty thousand men, as well as the nerves, that among the Belgians were the most? away and had a reputation of being the most? indomitable; Atrebates the fifteen thousand they had promised, the Ambiani ten thousand, Morini twenty-five thousand, seven thousand are Menapi, the Caleta ten thousand, and many of the Veliocassi Viromandui, the Atuatuci nineteen thousand, in addition, it was thought that Condrusi, the Eburones, the wax and Pemani , total designati con il nome di Germani, avrebbero fornito circa quarantamila soldati.
Cesare chiese ai Remi quanti e quali popoli si trovassero in armi e quanto valessero in guerra. Ecco che cosa seppe: la maggior parte dei Belgi discendeva dai Germani; anticamente avevano varcato il Reno attratti dalla fertilit? della regione e l'avevano occupata, scacciando i Galli che l'abitavano; all'epoca dei nostri padri erano stati gli unici a impedire ai Cimbri e ai Teutons, who had set fire to the whole of Gaul, to penetrate into their territories and why?, Mindful of the company, the Belgians will attach the utmost importance and they were very proud of their military force. About the number of participants in the league, claimed to have all of Remi the data safe, why? thanks to close ties of kinship and knew how many men had promised each people for the war at the general meeting of the Belgians. The pi? powerful value, prestige and number were Bellovaci, able to put together an army of a hundred thousand men, he had promised sixty thousand chosen and asked the supreme command of the operations. Their neighbors were the Suessioni, who had very extensive and fertile lands. They were King, even in our days, Divitiacus, the ruler more? powerful of all Gaul, under whose rule had fallen many regions of the country, and even Britain, now reigned Galba: to him, just and wise man, he was awarded the supreme command by unanimous consent, their city? were twelve and they had agreed to provide fifty thousand men, as well as the nerves, that among the Belgians were the most? away and had a reputation of being the most? indomitable; Atrebates the fifteen thousand they had promised, the Ambiani ten thousand, Morini twenty-five thousand, seven thousand are Menapi, the Caleta ten thousand, and many of the Veliocassi Viromandui, the Atuatuci nineteen thousand, in addition, it was thought that Condrusi, the Eburones, the wax and Pemani , total designati con il nome di Germani, avrebbero fornito circa quarantamila soldati.
V
Caesar Remos cohortatus liberaliterque oratione prosecutus omnem senatum ad se convenire principumque liberos obsides ad se adduci iussit. Quae omnia ab his diligenter ad diem facta sunt. Ipse Diviciacum Haeduum magnopere cohortatus docet quanto opere rei publicae communisque salutis intersit manus hostium distineri, ne cum tanta multitudine uno tempore confligendum sit. Id fieri posse, si suas copias Haedui in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint et eorum agros populari coeperint. His datis mandatis eum a se dimittit. Postquam omnes Belgarum copias in unum locum coactas ad se venire vidit neque iam longe abesse ab iis quos miserat exploratoribus et ab Remis cognovit, flumen Axonam, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus, exercitum traducere maturavit atque ibi castra posuit. Quae res et latus unum castrorum ripis fluminis muniebat et post eum quae erant tuta ab hostibus reddebat et commeatus ab Remis reliquisque civitatibus ut sine periculo ad eum portari possent efficiebat. In eo flumine pons erat. Ibi praesidium ponit et in altera parte fluminis Q. Titurium Sabinum legatum cum sex cohortibus relinquit; castra in altitudinem pedum XII vallo fossaque duodeviginti pedum muniri iubet.
Cesare incoraggi? i Remi e rivolse loro parole di benevolenza. Ordin? che tutti i senatori si recassero and that he had delivered most of the children hostage? nobles. All of its provisions were duly executed on the date set. Cesare multiply? pressures sull'eduo Divitiacus, explaining what was vital to the republic and the interest of all, keep divided the enemy forces, not having to face an army in a single fight so? numerous. And there? Aedui was possible if they had invaded the territories of Bellovaci, beginning to wreak havoc. Entrusted this task, I leave?. When he saw that all the troops of the Belgians, concentrated in one place, moving against him and learned, information on Remi and explorers sent, that the enemy were approaching, hastened? to translate the army of the l? of the river Aisne, which is located in the most? distant territories of the Remi, and here stands?. What? defending one side of the camp by the river bank, by protecting them from the area behind her enemies and ensure security of supplies sent by Remi and other peoples. On the river there was a bridge. On one side puts a garrison to leave, on the other, the legate Q. Padding Sabino with six cohorts. D? order to fortify the camp with a rampart twelve feet high and a large hole eighteen.
Cesare incoraggi? i Remi e rivolse loro parole di benevolenza. Ordin? che tutti i senatori si recassero and that he had delivered most of the children hostage? nobles. All of its provisions were duly executed on the date set. Cesare multiply? pressures sull'eduo Divitiacus, explaining what was vital to the republic and the interest of all, keep divided the enemy forces, not having to face an army in a single fight so? numerous. And there? Aedui was possible if they had invaded the territories of Bellovaci, beginning to wreak havoc. Entrusted this task, I leave?. When he saw that all the troops of the Belgians, concentrated in one place, moving against him and learned, information on Remi and explorers sent, that the enemy were approaching, hastened? to translate the army of the l? of the river Aisne, which is located in the most? distant territories of the Remi, and here stands?. What? defending one side of the camp by the river bank, by protecting them from the area behind her enemies and ensure security of supplies sent by Remi and other peoples. On the river there was a bridge. On one side puts a garrison to leave, on the other, the legate Q. Padding Sabino with six cohorts. D? order to fortify the camp with a rampart twelve feet high and a large hole eighteen.
VI
His Ab Castris oppidum Remorum appointments Bibrax aberat milia passuum VIII. Id ongoing ex magno impetu Belgae oppugnare coeperunt. Aegre eo die sustentatum est. Gallorum eadem atque Belgarum oppugnatio est haec: ubi circumiecta multitudine hominum totis moenibus undique in murum lapides iaci coepti sunt murusque defensoribus nudatus est, testudine facta portas succedunt murumque subruunt. Quod tum facile fiebat. Nam cum tanta multitudo lapides ac tela coicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli. Cum finem oppugnandi nox fecisset, Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos, qui tum oppido praeerat, unus ex iis qui legati de pace ad Caesarem venerant, nuntium ad eum mittit, nisi subsidium sibi submittatur, sese diutius sustinere non posse.
A otto miglia di distanza dall'accampamento sorgeva una citt? dei Remi, called Bibrax. When you step on the spot, the Belgians began to lay siege furiously. To this day the city?, Barely, survived. The Belgians used the same technique of the siege of the Gauls: surround the perimeter of the walls with a large number of men from all over began throwing stones, forcing the defenders to abandon their posts and then make up the tortoise, set fire to the doors and pull down the walls. And Bibrax such a technique was easily implemented: the attackers who threw stones and arrows were so? numerous, that none of the defenders could remain on the walls. The arrival of the night forced the Belgians to break the siege. The Remo Iccio, a person of noble lineage, who enjoyed great influence among his e all'epoca era capo della citt?, invi? a Cesare un messo, uno degli ambasciatori gi? mandati per chiedere la pace: se non gli pervenivano aiuti da Cesare, non era in grado di resistere pi? a lungo.
A otto miglia di distanza dall'accampamento sorgeva una citt? dei Remi, called Bibrax. When you step on the spot, the Belgians began to lay siege furiously. To this day the city?, Barely, survived. The Belgians used the same technique of the siege of the Gauls: surround the perimeter of the walls with a large number of men from all over began throwing stones, forcing the defenders to abandon their posts and then make up the tortoise, set fire to the doors and pull down the walls. And Bibrax such a technique was easily implemented: the attackers who threw stones and arrows were so? numerous, that none of the defenders could remain on the walls. The arrival of the night forced the Belgians to break the siege. The Remo Iccio, a person of noble lineage, who enjoyed great influence among his e all'epoca era capo della citt?, invi? a Cesare un messo, uno degli ambasciatori gi? mandati per chiedere la pace: se non gli pervenivano aiuti da Cesare, non era in grado di resistere pi? a lungo.
VII
Eo de media nocte Caesar isdem ducibus usus qui nuntii ab Iccio venerant, Numidas et Cretas sagittarios et funditores Baleares subsidio oppidanis mittit; quorum adventu et Remis cum spe defensionis studium propugnandi accessit et hostibus eadem de causa spes potiundi oppidi discessit. Itaque paulisper apud oppidum morati agrosque Remorum depopulati, omnibus vicis aedificiisque quo adire potuerant incensis, ad castra Caesaris omnibus et copiis contenderunt to milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, quae castra, atque ut smoke ignibus significabatur, amplius milibus passuum latitudinem patebant VIII.
Caesar, in the middle of the night, sends reinforcement troops to the people of Numidia, Cretan archers and slingers of the Balearic Islands, under the guidance of the messengers sent by Iccio. The arrival of the Romans revived the hopes of advocates and their will to fight, while for the same reason the besiegers despaired of being able to take Bibrax. Why, they remained for a time near the city?, Ravaging the fields of Remi and burning all the villages and buildings that had been achieved, then in full force, focusing on campo di Cesare e posero le tende a meno di due miglia di distanza. Il loro accampamento, a giudicare dal fumo e dai fuochi accesi, si estendeva per pi? di otto miglia.
Caesar, in the middle of the night, sends reinforcement troops to the people of Numidia, Cretan archers and slingers of the Balearic Islands, under the guidance of the messengers sent by Iccio. The arrival of the Romans revived the hopes of advocates and their will to fight, while for the same reason the besiegers despaired of being able to take Bibrax. Why, they remained for a time near the city?, Ravaging the fields of Remi and burning all the villages and buildings that had been achieved, then in full force, focusing on campo di Cesare e posero le tende a meno di due miglia di distanza. Il loro accampamento, a giudicare dal fumo e dai fuochi accesi, si estendeva per pi? di otto miglia.
VIII
Caesar primo et propter multitudinem hostium et propter eximiam opinionem virtutis proelio supersedere statuit; cotidie tamen equestribus proeliis quid hostis virtute posset et quid nostri auderent periclitabatur. Ubi nostros non esse inferiores intellexit, loco pro castris ad aciem instruendam natura oportuno atque idoneo, quod is collis ubi castra posita erant paululum ex planitie editus tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat, atque ex utraque parte lateris deiectus habebat et in fronte leniter fastigatus paulatim ad planitiem redibat, ab utroque latere eius collis transversam fossam obduxit circiter passuum CCCC et ad extremas fossas castella constituit ibique tormenta conlocavit, ne, cum aciem instruxisset, hostes, quod tantum multitudine poterant, ab lateribus pugnantes suos circumvenire possent. Hoc facto, duabus legionibus quas proxime conscripserat in castris relictis ut, si quo opus esset, subsidio duci possent, reliquas VI legiones pro castris in acie constituit. Hostes item suas copias ex castris eductas instruxerunt.
In un primo tempo, considerando sia il numero dei nemici, sia la loro fama di soldati estremamente valorosi, Cesare decise di evitare lo open conflict. Every day for?, With attacks of the enemy cavalry test the value and courage of the Romans. He realized that our were not lower. The ground in front of the camp was advantageous and suitable to deploy the army, why? the hill on which our camp was slightly hung over the plain, stretching for an area equivalent to that which could occupy the army in battle formation, both had steep sides and rounded top, which slopes gently towards the plain. Why? order? digging at the base of both sides of the hill, two were cross about four steps, on top of what commands? to build small cars to launch and place: he wanted to avoid che, una volta dispiegate le truppe, i nostri durante la battaglia venissero aggirati dal nemico, che era cos? numeroso. Attuate tali disposizioni, lasci? nell'accampamento, pronte a intervenire in caso di necessit?, le due legioni arruolate per ultime e schier? di fronte al campo le altre sei. Allo stesso modo i nemici fecero uscire le loro truppe e le disposero per lo scontro.
In un primo tempo, considerando sia il numero dei nemici, sia la loro fama di soldati estremamente valorosi, Cesare decise di evitare lo open conflict. Every day for?, With attacks of the enemy cavalry test the value and courage of the Romans. He realized that our were not lower. The ground in front of the camp was advantageous and suitable to deploy the army, why? the hill on which our camp was slightly hung over the plain, stretching for an area equivalent to that which could occupy the army in battle formation, both had steep sides and rounded top, which slopes gently towards the plain. Why? order? digging at the base of both sides of the hill, two were cross about four steps, on top of what commands? to build small cars to launch and place: he wanted to avoid che, una volta dispiegate le truppe, i nostri durante la battaglia venissero aggirati dal nemico, che era cos? numeroso. Attuate tali disposizioni, lasci? nell'accampamento, pronte a intervenire in caso di necessit?, le due legioni arruolate per ultime e schier? di fronte al campo le altre sei. Allo stesso modo i nemici fecero uscire le loro truppe e le disposero per lo scontro.
IX
Palus erat non magna inter nostrum atque hostium exercitum. Hanc si nostri transirent hostes expectabant; nostri autem, si ab illis initium transeundi fieret, ut impeditos adgrederentur, parati in armis erant. Interim proelio equestri inter duas acies contendebatur. Ubi neutri transeundi initium faciunt, secundiore equitum proelio nostris Caesar suos in castra reduxit. Hostes protinus ex eo loco ad flumen Axonam contenderunt, quod esse post nostra castra demonstratum est. Ibi vadis repertis partem suarum copiarum traducere conati sunt eo consilio ut, si possent, castellum, cui praeerat Q. Titurius legatus, expugnarent pontemque interscinderent; si minus potuissent, agros Remorum popularentur, qui magno nobis usui ad bellum gerendum erant, commeatuque nostros prohiberent.
Tra il nostro esercito e il nemico c'era una palude non molto estesa. I Belgi aspettavano i Romani al varco; i nostri, invece, si tenevano armati, pronti ad assalire il nemico in difficolt?, se avesse tentato first step. Meanwhile, the cavalry of the two armies clashed. No os? first to cross the river, Why, after our horse had the better, Caesar brought his camp. The enemy immediately headed to the river Aisne, which flowed - it? gi? said - behind our camp. Found some fords, tried to translate on the other side of the troops. Their intention was, at best, to storm the reduced commanded by the legate Q. Padding and destroy the bridge, or to devastate the fields of the Remi, which were vital for us to continue the war, and cut off supplies.
Tra il nostro esercito e il nemico c'era una palude non molto estesa. I Belgi aspettavano i Romani al varco; i nostri, invece, si tenevano armati, pronti ad assalire il nemico in difficolt?, se avesse tentato first step. Meanwhile, the cavalry of the two armies clashed. No os? first to cross the river, Why, after our horse had the better, Caesar brought his camp. The enemy immediately headed to the river Aisne, which flowed - it? gi? said - behind our camp. Found some fords, tried to translate on the other side of the troops. Their intention was, at best, to storm the reduced commanded by the legate Q. Padding and destroy the bridge, or to devastate the fields of the Remi, which were vital for us to continue the war, and cut off supplies.
X
[Caesar] certior factus ab Titurio omnem equitatum et levis armaturae Numidas, funditores sagittariosque pontem traducit atque ad eos contendit. Acriter in eo loco pugnatum est. Hostes impeditos nostri in flumine adgressi magnum eorum numerum occiderunt; per eorum corpora reliquos audacissime transire conantes multitudine telorum reppulerunt primosque, qui transierant, equitatu circumventos interfecerunt. Hostes, ubi et de expugnando oppido et de flumine transeundo spem se fefellisse intellexerunt neque nostros in locum iniquiorum progredi pugnandi causa viderunt atque ipsos res frumentaria deficere coepit, concilio convocato constituerunt optimum esse domum suam quemque reverti, et quorum in fines primum Romani exercitum introduxissent, ad eos defendendos undique convenirent, ut potius in suis quam in alienis finibus decertarent et domesticis copiis rei frumentariae uterentur. Ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod Diviciacum atque Haeduos finibus Bellovacorum adpropinquare cognoverant. His persuaderi ut diutius morarentur neque suis auxilium ferrent non poterat.
Cesare, informato della situazione da Titurio, port? tutta la cavalleria, i Numidi armati alla leggera, i frombolieri e gli arcieri al di l? del ponte e marci? contro il nemico. Lo scontro fu violento. I nostri li assalirono mentre stavano attraversando il fiume ed erano in difficolt?. Ne uccisero la maggior parte e respinsero con un nugolo di frecce the others, boldly, trying to pass on the bodies of the dead, surrounded by the cavalry and killed the first joints on the other side. The enemy realized they no longer have? hopes of wiping out the city?, n? to cross the river and saw that our not advancing to give battle, on a disadvantage. Why, given that their grain stocks began to dwindle, convened the meeting and decided that the best thing was all back home. Would be realized in defense of the first people attacked by the Romans: so? would fight in their territories, not in those of others, and to have used stocks of grain were at home. They came to that decision, among other things, why? avevano saputo che Diviziaco e gli Edui si stavano avvicinando ai territori dei Bellovaci. E non si poteva convincere questi ultimi ad attardarsi e a non soccorrere i loro.
Cesare, informato della situazione da Titurio, port? tutta la cavalleria, i Numidi armati alla leggera, i frombolieri e gli arcieri al di l? del ponte e marci? contro il nemico. Lo scontro fu violento. I nostri li assalirono mentre stavano attraversando il fiume ed erano in difficolt?. Ne uccisero la maggior parte e respinsero con un nugolo di frecce the others, boldly, trying to pass on the bodies of the dead, surrounded by the cavalry and killed the first joints on the other side. The enemy realized they no longer have? hopes of wiping out the city?, n? to cross the river and saw that our not advancing to give battle, on a disadvantage. Why, given that their grain stocks began to dwindle, convened the meeting and decided that the best thing was all back home. Would be realized in defense of the first people attacked by the Romans: so? would fight in their territories, not in those of others, and to have used stocks of grain were at home. They came to that decision, among other things, why? avevano saputo che Diviziaco e gli Edui si stavano avvicinando ai territori dei Bellovaci. E non si poteva convincere questi ultimi ad attardarsi e a non soccorrere i loro.
XI
Ea re constituta, secunda vigilia magno cum, strepitu ac tumultu castris egressi nullo certo ordine neque imperio, cum sibi quisque primum itineris locum peteret et domum pervenire properaret, fecerunt ut consimilis fugae profectio videretur. Hac re statim Caesar per speculatores cognita insidias veritus, quod qua de causa discederent nondum perspexerat, exercitum equitatumque castris continuit. Prima luce, confirmata re ab exploratoribus, omnem equitatum, qui novissimum agmen moraretur, praemisit. His Q. Pedium et L. Aurunculeium Cottam legatos praefecit; T. Labienum legatum cum legionibus tribus subsequi iussit. Hi novissimos adorti et multa milia passuum prosecuti magnam multitudinem eorum fugientium conciderunt, cum ab extremo agmine, ad quos ventum erat, consisterent fortiterque impetum nostrorum militum sustinerent, priores, quod abesse a periculo viderentur neque ulla necessitate neque imperio continerentur, exaudito clamore perturbatis ordinibus omnes in fuga sibi praesidium ponerent. Ita sine ullo periculo tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt quantum fuit diei spatium; sub occasum solis sequi destiterunt seque in castra, ut erat imperatum, receperunt.
Presa la decisione, prima midnight the Belgians left the camp with great noise and tumult without following strict orders or commanders. Everyone wanted to reach the head of the column and hastened to return home, so that their departure seemed rather an escape. Observers immediately reported the fact to Caesar, but he, fearing a trap, since? had not yet understood the reason for their departure, the army and held the cavalry camp. At dawn, when the explorers confirmed the news, Caesar sent? forward all the cavalry under the command of bound Q. Pedio and L. Aurunculeius Cotta, whose task is to hinder the enemy's rearguard. Ordin? related to T. Labienus to follow with three legions. The Roman soldiers attacked attacking the rearguard and the chase went on for many miles, by slaughter of the Belgians on the run. The last column of the enemy, met, stopped and would carry with force of our impact, the first, however, considering themselves out of danger and not being held n? by necessity ', n? by commanders as soon as they heard the clamor of the battle, broke the running order and gave themselves up to escape, trying to save themselves. What?, Without running any danger, our many enemies killed, how many consent? the length of day. At sunset put an end to their pursuit, and according to their orders, they returned to camp.
Presa la decisione, prima midnight the Belgians left the camp with great noise and tumult without following strict orders or commanders. Everyone wanted to reach the head of the column and hastened to return home, so that their departure seemed rather an escape. Observers immediately reported the fact to Caesar, but he, fearing a trap, since? had not yet understood the reason for their departure, the army and held the cavalry camp. At dawn, when the explorers confirmed the news, Caesar sent? forward all the cavalry under the command of bound Q. Pedio and L. Aurunculeius Cotta, whose task is to hinder the enemy's rearguard. Ordin? related to T. Labienus to follow with three legions. The Roman soldiers attacked attacking the rearguard and the chase went on for many miles, by slaughter of the Belgians on the run. The last column of the enemy, met, stopped and would carry with force of our impact, the first, however, considering themselves out of danger and not being held n? by necessity ', n? by commanders as soon as they heard the clamor of the battle, broke the running order and gave themselves up to escape, trying to save themselves. What?, Without running any danger, our many enemies killed, how many consent? the length of day. At sunset put an end to their pursuit, and according to their orders, they returned to camp.
XII
Postridie eius diei Caesar, prius quam se hostes ex terrore ac fuga reciperent, in fines Suessionum, qui proximi Remis erant, exercitum duxit et magno itinere [confecto] ad oppidum Noviodunum contendit. Id ex itinere oppugnare conatus, quod vacuum ab defensoribus esse audiebat, propter latitudinem fossae murique altitudinem paucis defendentibus expugnare non potuit. Castris munitis vineas agere quaeque ad oppugnandum usui erant comparare coepit. Interim omnis ex fuga Suessionum multitudo in oppidum proxima nocte convenit. Celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere iacto turribusque constitutis, magnitudine operum, quae neque viderant ante Galli neque audierant, et celeritate Romanorum permoti legatos ad Caesarem de deditione mittunt petentibus et Remis ut conservarentur impetrant.
The next day, before the enemy could recover from the turmoil and terror of flight, Caesar led the army in the territories of Suessioni, on the border with Remi, reaching a forced march to the city? of Novioduno. As soon as he reached the place, tent? to capture it, why? you said it was unguarded, but the width of the moat and height of the walls would not let him take it, even though the defenders were really few. Forfificato the camp, saw to push forward the vine and to prepare us all? which serves for a siege. Meanwhile, the next night they returned to town? Suessioni all who had fled. Seeing that the Romans rapidamente accostavano le vinee, innalzavano un terrapieno e costruivano delle torri, i Suessioni, scossi sia dall'imponenza delle opere costruite, mai viste o di cui non avevano mai sentito parlare prima, sia dalla rapidit? dei Romani, mandano a Cesare un'ambasceria per offrire la resa. Su richiesta dei Remi, ottengono salva la vita.
The next day, before the enemy could recover from the turmoil and terror of flight, Caesar led the army in the territories of Suessioni, on the border with Remi, reaching a forced march to the city? of Novioduno. As soon as he reached the place, tent? to capture it, why? you said it was unguarded, but the width of the moat and height of the walls would not let him take it, even though the defenders were really few. Forfificato the camp, saw to push forward the vine and to prepare us all? which serves for a siege. Meanwhile, the next night they returned to town? Suessioni all who had fled. Seeing that the Romans rapidamente accostavano le vinee, innalzavano un terrapieno e costruivano delle torri, i Suessioni, scossi sia dall'imponenza delle opere costruite, mai viste o di cui non avevano mai sentito parlare prima, sia dalla rapidit? dei Romani, mandano a Cesare un'ambasceria per offrire la resa. Su richiesta dei Remi, ottengono salva la vita.
XIII
Caesar, obsidibus acceptis primis civitatis atque ipsius Galbae regis duobus filiis armisque omnibus ex oppido traditis, in deditionem Suessiones accipit exercitumque in Bellovacos ducit. Qui cum se suaque omnia in oppidum Bratuspantium contulissent atque ab eo oppido Caesar cum exercitu circiter milia passuum V abesset, omnes maiores natu ex oppido egressi manus ad Caesarem tendere et voce significare coeperunt sese in eius fidem ac potestatem venire neque contra populum Romanum armis contendere. Item, cum ad oppidum accessisset castraque ibi poneret, pueri mulieresque ex muro passis manibus suo more pacem ab Romanis petierunt.
Cesare, ricevuti in ostaggio i cittadini pi? nobili, tra cui due figli del re Galba stesso, dopo la consegna di tutte le armi che vi erano in citt?, accett? la resa dei Suessioni e guid? l'esercito contro i Bellovaci, asserragliati con tutti i loro beni nella citt? di Bratuspanzio. Quando Cesare e le sue legioni distavano circa cinque miglia, tutti i pi? anziani uscirono dalla citt? e iniziarono a esprimere, a parole e con le mani protese verso Cesare, l'intenzione di porsi sotto la sua protezione e autorit? e di non combattere contro il popolo romano. Allo stesso modo, quando Cesare si era avvicinato alla citt? e poneva le tende, dall'alto delle mura i bambini e le donne, con le mani protese, secondo il loro costume, chiedevano pace ai Romani.
Cesare, ricevuti in ostaggio i cittadini pi? nobili, tra cui due figli del re Galba stesso, dopo la consegna di tutte le armi che vi erano in citt?, accett? la resa dei Suessioni e guid? l'esercito contro i Bellovaci, asserragliati con tutti i loro beni nella citt? di Bratuspanzio. Quando Cesare e le sue legioni distavano circa cinque miglia, tutti i pi? anziani uscirono dalla citt? e iniziarono a esprimere, a parole e con le mani protese verso Cesare, l'intenzione di porsi sotto la sua protezione e autorit? e di non combattere contro il popolo romano. Allo stesso modo, quando Cesare si era avvicinato alla citt? e poneva le tende, dall'alto delle mura i bambini e le donne, con le mani protese, secondo il loro costume, chiedevano pace ai Romani.
XIV
Pro his Diviciacus (nam post discessum Belgarum dimissis Haeduorum copiis ad eum reverterat) facit verba: Bellovacos omni tempore in fide atque amicitia civitatis Haeduae fuisse; impulsos ab suis principibus, qui dicerent Haeduos a Caesare in servitutem redacto. Omnes indignitates contumeliasque perferre, et ab Haeduis defecisse et populo Romano bellum intulisse. Qui eius consilii principes fuissent, quod intellegerent quantam calamitatem civitati intulissent, in Britanniam profugisse. Petere non solum Bellovacos, sed etiam pro his Haeduos, ut sua clementia ac mansuetudine in eos utatur. Quod si fecerit, Haeduorum auctoritatem apud omnes Belgas amplificaturum, quorum auxiliis atque opibus, si qua bella inciderint, sustentare consuerint.
In loro favore parl? Diviziaco, che dopo la ritirata dei Belgi aveva rimandato in patria le truppe edue e raggiunto Cesare: i Bellovaci in ogni circostanza si erano dimostrati alleati e amici degli Edui; a spingere il popolo erano stati i capi con i loro discorsi, sostenendo that Aedui, reduced servit? by Caesar, suffered humiliations and insults of all kinds and why?, were detached from Aedui and had declared war on the Roman people. Decision makers are aware of the damage caused to their people, had fled to Britain. Bellovaci of the prayers, asking for clemency and generosity to Caesar?, Was added to the intercession of the Aedui. And if Caesar had spared Bellovaci, would increase the authorities? Aedui at all of the Belgians, who used to provide, in case of war, troops and equipment to cope.
In loro favore parl? Diviziaco, che dopo la ritirata dei Belgi aveva rimandato in patria le truppe edue e raggiunto Cesare: i Bellovaci in ogni circostanza si erano dimostrati alleati e amici degli Edui; a spingere il popolo erano stati i capi con i loro discorsi, sostenendo that Aedui, reduced servit? by Caesar, suffered humiliations and insults of all kinds and why?, were detached from Aedui and had declared war on the Roman people. Decision makers are aware of the damage caused to their people, had fled to Britain. Bellovaci of the prayers, asking for clemency and generosity to Caesar?, Was added to the intercession of the Aedui. And if Caesar had spared Bellovaci, would increase the authorities? Aedui at all of the Belgians, who used to provide, in case of war, troops and equipment to cope.
XV
Caesar honoris atque Diviciaci Haeduorum causa sese eos in fidem recepturum et conservaturum dixit, et quod erat civitas magna inter Belgas auctoritate atque hominum multitudine praestabat, DC obsides poposcit. His traditis omnibusque armis ex oppido conlatis, ab eo loco in fines Ambianorum pervenit; qui se suaque omnia sine mora dediderunt. Eorum fines Nervii attingebant. Quorum de natura moribusque Caesar cum quaereret, sic reperiebat: nullum esse aditum ad eos mercatoribus; nihil pati vini reliquarumque rerum ad luxuriam pertinentium inferri, quod his rebus relanguescere animos eorum et remitti virtutem existimarent; esse homines feros magnaeque virtutis; increpitare atque incusare reliquos Belgas, qui se populo Romano dedidissent patriamque virtutem proiecissent; confirmare sese neque legatos missuros Neque ullam condicionem accepturos pacis.
Caesar said that to improve the prestige of Divitiacus Aedui and would have welcomed and taken under his protection the Bellovaci. Since? were a people of great authority? between the Belgians and a large number, said six hundred hostages. He was dispatched with all the weapons of the city?. L? pass? in the region of Ambiani, which were placed without delay with all their goods under its authority?. The Ambiani bordered on the nerves. Caesar took about character and morals of the latter and learned the following: the merchants had no access and the nerves did not allow to be introduced wine or other luxury items, why? believed to weaken the minds and decreases la loro forza; gente rude e molto valorosa, accusavano duramente gli altri Belgi di essersi arresi al popolo romano e di aver rinnegato la virt? dei padri; assicuravano che non avrebbero inviato ambascerie. n? accettato la pace, a nessuna condizione.
Caesar said that to improve the prestige of Divitiacus Aedui and would have welcomed and taken under his protection the Bellovaci. Since? were a people of great authority? between the Belgians and a large number, said six hundred hostages. He was dispatched with all the weapons of the city?. L? pass? in the region of Ambiani, which were placed without delay with all their goods under its authority?. The Ambiani bordered on the nerves. Caesar took about character and morals of the latter and learned the following: the merchants had no access and the nerves did not allow to be introduced wine or other luxury items, why? believed to weaken the minds and decreases la loro forza; gente rude e molto valorosa, accusavano duramente gli altri Belgi di essersi arresi al popolo romano e di aver rinnegato la virt? dei padri; assicuravano che non avrebbero inviato ambascerie. n? accettato la pace, a nessuna condizione.
XVI
Cum per eorum fines triduum iter fecisset, inveniebat ex captivis Sabim flumen a castris suis non amplius milibus passuum X abesse; trans id flumen omnes Nervios consedisse adventumque ibi Romanorum expectare una cum Atrebatibus et Viromanduis, finitimis suis (nam his utrisque persuaserant uti eandem belli fortunam experirentur); expectari etiam ab iis Atuatucorum copias atque those in progress; mulieres quique for aetatem to pugnam inutiles viderentur in eum locum quo propter coniecisse swamp exercitui aditus never existed.
Caesar, after three days of travel in the region of nerves, he learned from prisoners that was near the River Sambre no more? ten miles from his camp: the L? the river had settled all the nerves and waited for the arrival of the Romans along with Atrebates and Viromandui, their neighbors (they had been convinced, in fact, groped the same fate in war); also expected Atuatuci troops, who were march, the women and those who, for reasons of et?, could not be used in war, had been stored in a place that made it inaccessible to the marshes un esercito.
Caesar, after three days of travel in the region of nerves, he learned from prisoners that was near the River Sambre no more? ten miles from his camp: the L? the river had settled all the nerves and waited for the arrival of the Romans along with Atrebates and Viromandui, their neighbors (they had been convinced, in fact, groped the same fate in war); also expected Atuatuci troops, who were march, the women and those who, for reasons of et?, could not be used in war, had been stored in a place that made it inaccessible to the marshes un esercito.
XVII
His rebus cognitis, exploratores centurionesque praemittit qui locum castris idoneum deligant. Cum ex dediticiis Belgis reliquisque Gallis complures Caesarem secuti una iter facerent, quidam ex his, ut postea ex captivis cognitum est, eorum dierum consuetudine itineris nostri exercitus perspecta, nocte ad Nervios pervenerunt atque his demonstrarunt inter singulas legiones impedimentorum magnum numerum intercedere, neque esse quicquam negotii, cum prima legio in castra venisset reliquaeque legiones magnum spatium abessent, hanc sub sarcinis adoriri; qua pulsa impedimentisque direptis, futurum ut reliquae contra consistere non auderent. Adiuvabat etiam eorum consilium qui rem deferebant quod Nervii antiquitus, cum equitatu nihil possent (neque enim ad hoc tempus ei rei student, sed quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis), quo facilius finitimorum equitatum, si praedandi causa ad eos venissent, impedirent, teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis crebrisque in latitudinem ramis enatis [et] rubis sentibusque interiectis effecerant ut instar muri hae saepes munimentum praeberent, quo non modo non intrari sed ne perspici quidem posset. His rebus cum iter agminis nostri impediretur, non omittendum sibi consilium Nervii existimaverunt.
Avute tali informazioni, mand? in avanscoperta alcuni esploratori e centurioni con l'incarico di scegliere una zona adatta for camping. In the wake of Caesar there were many Belgians who had pledged obedience and other Galli. Some of them, as it became known later by the prisoners, after observing the run command from the? held by our army, at night they reached the nerves and reported that between the individual legions proceeded a large number of baggage, so it was not at all difficult to attack as soon as the first legion had come to the camp, while the others were away and the soldiers still uneasy by backpacks. Once put to flight the first legion and plundered the baggage, the remaining legions would not dare to resist. Another factor playing in favor of the plan of the informants: from the time the most? Nerves did not have the old quota of cavalry (Even to this day care to have, but all their strength lies in the infantry), cos?, To hinder, in the case of race, the riders of the neighboring peoples, affected trees are still young and they folded, causing the branches to growing, dense, horizontally, between the trees, then, planting thorny bushes and shrubs so that the hedges form a barrier like a wall, preventing not only transitions but also the view. Given that our army would have found his way these obstacles, Nervi believed not to have to reject the proposed plan.
Avute tali informazioni, mand? in avanscoperta alcuni esploratori e centurioni con l'incarico di scegliere una zona adatta for camping. In the wake of Caesar there were many Belgians who had pledged obedience and other Galli. Some of them, as it became known later by the prisoners, after observing the run command from the? held by our army, at night they reached the nerves and reported that between the individual legions proceeded a large number of baggage, so it was not at all difficult to attack as soon as the first legion had come to the camp, while the others were away and the soldiers still uneasy by backpacks. Once put to flight the first legion and plundered the baggage, the remaining legions would not dare to resist. Another factor playing in favor of the plan of the informants: from the time the most? Nerves did not have the old quota of cavalry (Even to this day care to have, but all their strength lies in the infantry), cos?, To hinder, in the case of race, the riders of the neighboring peoples, affected trees are still young and they folded, causing the branches to growing, dense, horizontally, between the trees, then, planting thorny bushes and shrubs so that the hedges form a barrier like a wall, preventing not only transitions but also the view. Given that our army would have found his way these obstacles, Nervi believed not to have to reject the proposed plan.
XVIII
nature loci haec erat, quem locum nostri castris delegerant. Collis ab summo aequaliter declivis ad flumen Sabim, quod supra nominavimus, vergebat. Ab eo flumine pari acclivitate collis nascebatur adversus huic et contrarius, passus circiter CC infimus apertus, ab superiore parte silvestris, ut non facile introrsus perspici posset. Intra eas silvas hostes in occulto sese continebant; in aperto loco secundum flumen paucae stationes equitum videbantur. Fluminis erat altitudo pedum circiter trium.
La conformazione naturale del luogo, scelto dai nostri per l'accampamento, era la seguente: un colle, che digradava in modo uniforme, scendeva fino alla Sambre, fiume di cui abbiamo gi? fatto cenno. Sulla riva opposta, proprio di fronte, sorgeva un altro colle che aveva identica pendenza: in basso, per un tratto di circa duecento passi, era brullo, mentre sulla cima aveva fitti boschi, impenetrabili alla vista. Qui i nemici si tenevano nascosti; nella zona senza vegetazione, lungo il fiume, si vedevano poche squadre di cavalleria. La profondit? del fiume era di circa tre piedi.
La conformazione naturale del luogo, scelto dai nostri per l'accampamento, era la seguente: un colle, che digradava in modo uniforme, scendeva fino alla Sambre, fiume di cui abbiamo gi? fatto cenno. Sulla riva opposta, proprio di fronte, sorgeva un altro colle che aveva identica pendenza: in basso, per un tratto di circa duecento passi, era brullo, mentre sulla cima aveva fitti boschi, impenetrabili alla vista. Qui i nemici si tenevano nascosti; nella zona senza vegetazione, lungo il fiume, si vedevano poche squadre di cavalleria. La profondit? del fiume era di circa tre piedi.
XIX
Caesar equitatu praemisso subsequebatur omnibus copiis; sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant. Nam quod hostibus adpropinquabat, consuetudine sua Caesar VI legiones expeditas ducebat; post eas totius exercitus impedimenta conlocarat; inde duae legiones quae proxime conscriptae erant totum agmen claudebant praesidioque impedimentis erant. Equites nostri cum funditoribus sagittariisque flumen transgressi cum hostium equitatu proelium commiserunt. Cum se illi identidem in silvis ad suos reciperent ac rursus ex silva in nostros impetum facerent, neque nostri longius quam quem ad finem porrecta [ac] loca aperta pertinebant cedentes insequi auderent, interim legiones VI quae primae venerant, opere dimenso, castra munire coeperunt. Ubi prima impedimenta nostri exercitus ab iis qui in silvis abditi latebant visa sunt, quod tempus inter eos committendi proelii convenerat, ut intra silvas aciem ordinesque constituerant atque ipsi sese confirmaverant, subito omnibus copiis provolaverunt impetumque in nostros equites fecerunt. His facile pulsis ac proturbatis, incredibili celeritate ad flumen decucurrerunt, ut paene uno tempore et ad silvas et in flumine [et iam in manibus nostris] hostes viderentur. Eadem autem celeritate adverso colle ad nostra castra atque eos qui in opere occupati erant contenderunt.
Cesare, mandata in avanti la cavalleria, la seguiva con tutte le truppe. La disposizione e l'ordine di marcia, per?, erano diversi da quelli che i Belgi avevano riferito ai Nervi. Infatti, trovandosi in prossimit? del nemico, Cesare, secondo la sua abitudine, faceva avanzare libere da carichi le sei legioni, ponendo dietro di esse i bagagli di tutto l'esercito; le due legioni di recente arruolate chiudevano lo schieramento e presidiavano le salmerie. La nostra cavalleria, insieme ai frombolieri and the archers through? the river and collided? opponents with the Knights. The enemy retreated systematically in the woods at them, and l?, Attacking our own, that they dared not pursue the fugitives over the limit marked by a flat area with no vegetation. Meanwhile, the six legions which were in the lead, trailing in space, began to fortify the camp. The enemies, hidden in the woods, had already? size attack lines and rows, urging them to fight: as soon as they saw the first battle of our army - was the agreed signal for the attack - in mass rushed forward and pointed at our riders. Li turned to flight and dispersed with ease?, Then got out of the race to the river, very fast: it seemed quasi che fossero, nello stesso istante, sul limitare dei boschi, nel fiume e gi? addosso ai nostri. Poi, con altrettanta rapidit?, salirono il colle opposto dirigendosi contro il nostro accampamento e i legionari intenti ai lavori di fortificazione.
Cesare, mandata in avanti la cavalleria, la seguiva con tutte le truppe. La disposizione e l'ordine di marcia, per?, erano diversi da quelli che i Belgi avevano riferito ai Nervi. Infatti, trovandosi in prossimit? del nemico, Cesare, secondo la sua abitudine, faceva avanzare libere da carichi le sei legioni, ponendo dietro di esse i bagagli di tutto l'esercito; le due legioni di recente arruolate chiudevano lo schieramento e presidiavano le salmerie. La nostra cavalleria, insieme ai frombolieri and the archers through? the river and collided? opponents with the Knights. The enemy retreated systematically in the woods at them, and l?, Attacking our own, that they dared not pursue the fugitives over the limit marked by a flat area with no vegetation. Meanwhile, the six legions which were in the lead, trailing in space, began to fortify the camp. The enemies, hidden in the woods, had already? size attack lines and rows, urging them to fight: as soon as they saw the first battle of our army - was the agreed signal for the attack - in mass rushed forward and pointed at our riders. Li turned to flight and dispersed with ease?, Then got out of the race to the river, very fast: it seemed quasi che fossero, nello stesso istante, sul limitare dei boschi, nel fiume e gi? addosso ai nostri. Poi, con altrettanta rapidit?, salirono il colle opposto dirigendosi contro il nostro accampamento e i legionari intenti ai lavori di fortificazione.
XX
Caesari omnia uno tempore erant agenda: vexillum proponendum, quod erat insigne, cum ad arma concurri oporteret; signum tuba dandum; ab opere revocandi milites; qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causa processerant arcessendi; acies instruenda; milites cohortandi; signum dandum. Quarum rerum magnam partem temporis brevitas et incursus hostium impediebat. His difficultatibus duae res erant subsidio, scientia atque usus militum, quod superioribus proeliis exercitati quid fieri oporteret non minus commode ipsi sibi praescribere quam ab aliis doceri poterant, et quod ab opere singulisque legionibus singulos legatos Caesar discedere nisi munitis castris vetuerat. Hi propter propinquitatem et celeritatem hostium nihil iam Caesaris imperium expectabant, sed per se quae videbantur administrabant.
Cesare si trov? a dover far tutto contemporaneamente: inalberare il vessillo, con cui si dava l'avviso di correre alle armi, ordinare gli squilli di tromba, richiamare i soldati dai lavori, comandare il rientro ai legionari che si erano un po' allontanati in cerca di materiale, formare la linea di combattimento, esortare the soldiers and give the signal to attack. The lack of time and the pressure of the enemy prevented them from running most of these operations. Faced with such difficulties? Two factors were helpful: first, the expertise and experience of our soldiers who are trained from previous battles, they were able to impose their own conduct required no less easily than if they had received precise instructions from others, and secondly, the obligation imposed by Caesar to various related not to leave their legion before the end of the work. The bound, given the proximity and the rapidity? of enemies, stood waiting for orders from Caesar, but personally to make arrangements which they considered appropriate.
Cesare si trov? a dover far tutto contemporaneamente: inalberare il vessillo, con cui si dava l'avviso di correre alle armi, ordinare gli squilli di tromba, richiamare i soldati dai lavori, comandare il rientro ai legionari che si erano un po' allontanati in cerca di materiale, formare la linea di combattimento, esortare the soldiers and give the signal to attack. The lack of time and the pressure of the enemy prevented them from running most of these operations. Faced with such difficulties? Two factors were helpful: first, the expertise and experience of our soldiers who are trained from previous battles, they were able to impose their own conduct required no less easily than if they had received precise instructions from others, and secondly, the obligation imposed by Caesar to various related not to leave their legion before the end of the work. The bound, given the proximity and the rapidity? of enemies, stood waiting for orders from Caesar, but personally to make arrangements which they considered appropriate.
XXI
Caesar, necessariis rebus imperatis, ad cohortandos milites, quam [in] partem fors obtulit, decucurrit et ad legionem decimam devenit. Milites non longiore oratione cohortatus quam uti suae pristinae virtutis memoriam retinerent neu perturbarentur animo hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinerent, quod non longius hostes aberant quam quo telum adigi posset, proelii committendi signum dedit. Atque in alteram item cohortandi causa profectus pugnantibus occurrit. Temporis tanta fuit exiguitas hostiumque tam paratus ad dimicandum animus ut non modo ad insignia accommodanda sed etiam ad galeas induendas scutisque tegimenta detrahenda tempus defuerit. Quam quisque ab opere in partem casu devenit quaeque conspexit first signing, at haec constitit, nor in quaerendis suis pugnandi dimitteret tempus.
Caesar, given the necessary orders, hastened to urge the soldiers, led by the case: Do you understand? the tenth legion. This limit? to incite the soldiers to remember the ancient value, not to be disturbed, enemy assault force to govern. Since the nerves were almost shot and could take them with our arrows, gave the signal to attack. And then they rush? in another direction, always with the aim of encouraging the soldiers, but we find them? they were already? fighting. The time was so short and the enemies so? determined that our failed not only to apply the badges, but even to get in testa gli elmi o a togliere le fodere dagli scudi. Chi tornava dai lavori si ferm? dove capitava, presso le prime insegne che vide, per non perdere tempo alla ricerca della sua unit? di appartenenza.
Caesar, given the necessary orders, hastened to urge the soldiers, led by the case: Do you understand? the tenth legion. This limit? to incite the soldiers to remember the ancient value, not to be disturbed, enemy assault force to govern. Since the nerves were almost shot and could take them with our arrows, gave the signal to attack. And then they rush? in another direction, always with the aim of encouraging the soldiers, but we find them? they were already? fighting. The time was so short and the enemies so? determined that our failed not only to apply the badges, but even to get in testa gli elmi o a togliere le fodere dagli scudi. Chi tornava dai lavori si ferm? dove capitava, presso le prime insegne che vide, per non perdere tempo alla ricerca della sua unit? di appartenenza.
XXII
Instructo exercitu magis ut loci natura [deiectusque collis] et necessitas temporis quam ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat, cum diversae legiones aliae alia in parte hostibus resisterent saepibusque densissimis, ut ante demonstravimus, interiectis prospectus impediretur, neque certa subsidia conlocari neque quid in quaque parte opus esset provideri neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant. Itaque in tanta rerum iniquitate fortunae quoque eventus various sequebantur.
The army was deployed taking into account not just the dictates of military technology, because the natural shape of the place, the slope of the hill and circumstances. The legions separate operations, resisted the enemies in different areas. Dense hedges, how? that had earlier been prevented and that comes in sight. It was not possible to provide for adequate reserves and quotas need to provide? of each sector, the unit was excluded? command. Why, in such disparity? situations, it was inevitable that luck play different roles on the battlefield.
The army was deployed taking into account not just the dictates of military technology, because the natural shape of the place, the slope of the hill and circumstances. The legions separate operations, resisted the enemies in different areas. Dense hedges, how? that had earlier been prevented and that comes in sight. It was not possible to provide for adequate reserves and quotas need to provide? of each sector, the unit was excluded? command. Why, in such disparity? situations, it was inevitable that luck play different roles on the battlefield.
XXIII
Legionis VIIII. et X. milites, ut in sinistra parte aciei constiterant, pilis emissis cursu ac lassitudine exanimatos vulneribusque confectos Atrebates (nam his ea pars obvenerat) celeriter ex loco superiore in flumen compulerunt et transire conantes insecuti gladiis magnam partem eorum impeditam interfecerunt. Ipsi transire flumen non dubitaverunt et in locum iniquum progressi rursus resistentes hostes redintegrato proelio in fugam coniecerunt. Item alia in parte diversae duae legiones, XI. et VIII., profligatis Viromanduis, quibuscum erant congressae, ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis proeliabantur. At totis fere castris a fronte et a sinistra parte nudatis, cum in dextro cornu legio XII. et non magno ab ea intervallo VII. constitisset, omnes Nervii confertissimo Agmin leader Boduognato here summam tenebat imperii, in eum locum contenderunt; quorum pars ab latere open Legiones circumvenire, pars summum locum petere Castrorum coepit.
The soldiers of the ninth and tenth legion, lined up the left wing, threw the javelin and quickly drove the enemy before them, the Atrebates, the race remained breathless and exhausted from his wounds, forced them to retreat from 'High up the river and here, while trying to ford and they were in difficulty, we pursued them with swords in hand and made havoc. Then without hesitation, crossed the river and advanced, even though the position was unfavorable, the enemies, in turn, resisted, reopening the battle, but our other turned them away. And in another area, two legions, the eleventh and the eighth, acting separately, had rejected the Sommit? Viromandui of the hill, with whom he had clashed, and fought on the bank of the river now. But almost the whole camp on the left forehead and was left unprotected (the twelfth legion, and not far away, the seventh had taken place on the right wing), why? l? point all the nerves in compact formation, under the guidance of Boduognato, the commander in chief. Part of them early? an avoidance maneuver to surprise the legions from the side open, the party headed Sommit? in our field.
The soldiers of the ninth and tenth legion, lined up the left wing, threw the javelin and quickly drove the enemy before them, the Atrebates, the race remained breathless and exhausted from his wounds, forced them to retreat from 'High up the river and here, while trying to ford and they were in difficulty, we pursued them with swords in hand and made havoc. Then without hesitation, crossed the river and advanced, even though the position was unfavorable, the enemies, in turn, resisted, reopening the battle, but our other turned them away. And in another area, two legions, the eleventh and the eighth, acting separately, had rejected the Sommit? Viromandui of the hill, with whom he had clashed, and fought on the bank of the river now. But almost the whole camp on the left forehead and was left unprotected (the twelfth legion, and not far away, the seventh had taken place on the right wing), why? l? point all the nerves in compact formation, under the guidance of Boduognato, the commander in chief. Part of them early? an avoidance maneuver to surprise the legions from the side open, the party headed Sommit? in our field.
XXIV
Eodem tempore equites nostri levisque armaturae pedites, qui cum iis una fuerant, quos primo hostium impetu pulsos dixeram, cum se in castra reciperent, adversis hostibus occurrebant ac rursus aliam in partem fugam petebant; et calones, qui ab decumana porta ac summo iugo collis nostros victores flumen transire conspexerant, praedandi causa egressi, cum respexissent et hostes in nostris castris versari vidissent, praecipites fugae sese mandabant. Simul eorum qui cum impedimentis veniebant clamor fremitusque oriebatur, aliique aliam in partem perterriti ferebantur. Quibus omnibus rebus permoti equites Treveri, quorum inter Gallos virtutis opinio est singularis, qui auxilii causa a civitate missi ad Caesarem venerant, cum multitudine hostium castra [nostra] compleri, legiones premi et paene circumventas teneri, calones, equites, funditores, Numidas diversos dissipatosque in omnes partes fugere vidissent, desperatis nostris rebus domum contenderunt: Romanos pulsos superatosque, castris impedimentisque eorum hostes potitos civitati renuntiaverunt.
In quel mentre, rientravano nell'accampamento i nostri cavalieri e i fanti armati alla leggera, che a essi si erano affiancati (entrambi erano stati messi in fuga, come avevamo detto, al primo assalto dei Nervi). Trovandosi di fronte i nemici, si sbandarono di nuovo, in un'altra direzione. I caloni, invece, che dalla porta decumana e dalla sommit? del colle avevano visto i nostri, victorious, go across the river, came to loot the camp, but after he turned and saw the enemy in our field, ran off. At the same instant rose the cries and clamor of the people at baggage: In a panic, threw themselves where they would. Shaken by this confusion, the knights of Treves, who also compared to the other Gauls have a reputation for exceptional value and who were sent by their people as reinforcements to Caesar, when they saw the Roman camp full of enemies, the legions pressed closely and almost surrounded, the Calonico, the horsemen, slingers and Numidians scattered in disorderly flight, headed home, convinced that our situation was desperate, their popolo annunciarono che i Romani erano stati sconfitti e debellati e che i nemici si erano impossessati dell'accampamento e delle salmerie.
In quel mentre, rientravano nell'accampamento i nostri cavalieri e i fanti armati alla leggera, che a essi si erano affiancati (entrambi erano stati messi in fuga, come avevamo detto, al primo assalto dei Nervi). Trovandosi di fronte i nemici, si sbandarono di nuovo, in un'altra direzione. I caloni, invece, che dalla porta decumana e dalla sommit? del colle avevano visto i nostri, victorious, go across the river, came to loot the camp, but after he turned and saw the enemy in our field, ran off. At the same instant rose the cries and clamor of the people at baggage: In a panic, threw themselves where they would. Shaken by this confusion, the knights of Treves, who also compared to the other Gauls have a reputation for exceptional value and who were sent by their people as reinforcements to Caesar, when they saw the Roman camp full of enemies, the legions pressed closely and almost surrounded, the Calonico, the horsemen, slingers and Numidians scattered in disorderly flight, headed home, convinced that our situation was desperate, their popolo annunciarono che i Romani erano stati sconfitti e debellati e che i nemici si erano impossessati dell'accampamento e delle salmerie.
XXV
Caesar ab X. legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, ubi suos urgeri signisque in unum locum conlatis XII. legionis confertos milites sibi ipsos ad pugnam esse impedimento vidit, quartae cohortis omnibus centurionibus occisis signiferoque interfecto, signo amisso, reliquarum cohortium omnibus fere centurionibus aut vulneratis aut occisis, in his primipilo P. Sextio Baculo, fortissimo viro, multis gravibusque vulneribus confecto, ut iam se sustinere non posset, reliquos esse tardiores et non nullos ab novissimis deserto loco proelio excedere ac tela vitare, hostes neque a fronte ex inferiore loco subeuntes intermittere et ab utroque latere instare et rem esse in angusto vidit, neque ullum esse subsidium quod submitti posset, scuto ab novissimis [uni] militi detracto, quod ipse eo sine scuto venerat, in primam aciem processit centurionibusque nominatim appellatis reliquos cohortatus milites signa inferre et manipulos laxare iussit, quo facilius gladiis uti possent. Cuius adventu spe inlata militibus ac redintegrato animo, cum pro se quisque in conspectu imperatoris etiam in extremis suis rebus operam navare cuperet, paulum hostium impetus tardatus est.
Cesare, terminato il suo discorso alla decima legione, si diresse verso the right wing, where he saw that his men were cornered and that the soldiers of the Twelfth Legion, close to one another, encumbered each other, why? signs had been collected in one place, all the centurions of the fourth cohort and a standard-bearer had fallen, the banner lost almost all the centurions of the other cohorts killed or wounded, among them the centurion P. Sestio Baculo, a soldier of great value, we could not get more? to stand, as he was exhausted by the numerous and serious injuries, other forces were running out and some of the rearguard, left without masters and left the fray and took away the blows, the enemy did not cease to advance from the bottom front and press the sides. When he saw that the situation was critical and that it had troops reinforcement, took the shield from a soldier in the rear (why? had come to the right? no), advanced? on the front line, he turned to the centurions by name, one by one, harangue? the soldiers and gave the order to attack and move to broaden the handpieces, why? our swords could be used with greater ease?. His arrival instilled confidence in soldiers and refund? their courage: each, while in a situation of extreme danger, he wanted to show value in the eyes of the master, so the impetus for some of the enemies' was held back.
Cesare, terminato il suo discorso alla decima legione, si diresse verso the right wing, where he saw that his men were cornered and that the soldiers of the Twelfth Legion, close to one another, encumbered each other, why? signs had been collected in one place, all the centurions of the fourth cohort and a standard-bearer had fallen, the banner lost almost all the centurions of the other cohorts killed or wounded, among them the centurion P. Sestio Baculo, a soldier of great value, we could not get more? to stand, as he was exhausted by the numerous and serious injuries, other forces were running out and some of the rearguard, left without masters and left the fray and took away the blows, the enemy did not cease to advance from the bottom front and press the sides. When he saw that the situation was critical and that it had troops reinforcement, took the shield from a soldier in the rear (why? had come to the right? no), advanced? on the front line, he turned to the centurions by name, one by one, harangue? the soldiers and gave the order to attack and move to broaden the handpieces, why? our swords could be used with greater ease?. His arrival instilled confidence in soldiers and refund? their courage: each, while in a situation of extreme danger, he wanted to show value in the eyes of the master, so the impetus for some of the enemies' was held back.
XXVI
Caesar, cum VII. legionem, quae iuxta constiterat, item urgeri ab hoste vidisset, tribunos militum monuit ut paulatim sese legiones coniungerent et conversa signa in hostes inferrent. Quo facto cum aliis alii subsidium ferrent neque timerent ne aversi ab hoste circumvenirentur, audacius resistere ac fortius pugnare coeperunt. Interim milites legionum duarum quae in novissimo agmine praesidio impedimentis fuerant, proelio nuntiato, cursu incitato in summo colle ab hostibus conspiciebantur, et T.Labienus castris hostium potitus et ex loco superiore quae res in nostris castris gererentur conspicatus X.legionem subsidio nostris misit. Qui cum ex equitum et calonum fuga quo in loco res esset quantoque in periculo et castra et legiones et imperator versaretur cognovissent, nihil ad celeritatem sibi fecerunt relics.
Caesar, when he realized that the seventh legion, l? side, was in difficulty, we charge? gradually closer to the tribunes of the two legions, and effected a conversion, to move to the assault. The maneuver allowed the soldiers to help each other and our, now that he feared the most? the encirclement, they began to resist with more courage and fight with the most? force. Meanwhile, soldiers of the two legions of the rearguard, who guarded the baggage, when they had news of the battle, reached the top of the hill running el? appeared to the enemies. E T. Labienus, conquered the area of \u200b\u200bNervi, after seeing from what was happening in our own, mand? in rinforzo la decima legione. Dalla fuga dei cavalieri e dei caloni i soldati si resero conto di come stavano le cose e di quale minaccia incombesse sul campo, sulle legioni e sul comandante e si impegnarono al massimo per arrivare al pi? presto.
XXVII
confecti procubuissent, scutis innixi proelium redintegrarent, calones
perterritos hostes conspicati etiam inermes armatis occurrerent, equites vero,
ut turpitudinem fugae virtute delerent, omnibus in locis pugnae se legionariis
militibus praeferrent. At hostes, etiam in extrema spe salutis, tantam virtutem
praestiterunt ut, cum primi eorum cecidissent, proximi iacentibus insisterent
atque ex eorum corporibus pugnarent, his deiectis et coacervatis cadaveribus qui
superessent ut ex tumulo tela in nostros conicerent et pila intercepta
remitterent: ut non nequiquam tantae virtutis homines iudicari deberet ausos
esse transire latissimum flumen, ascendere altissimas ripas, subire iniquissimum
locum; quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat.
Il loro arrivo capovolse la situazione: perfino i nostri feriti si rialzavano da terra appoggiandosi agli scudi e riprendevano a combattere. I caloni, avendo visto i nemici impauriti, affrontavano anche disarmati chi era armato. I cavalieri, poi, per cancellare la vergogna della flight test with a value in all areas of confrontation preceded the legionnaires. But the enemies, even reduced almost to despair, gave proof of great value to the point that the second file of soldiers climbed over the bodies of the fallen and the first? fought, killed themselves, formed the piles of corpses, from which the survivors, as a mound, threw on our arrows and spears hurled back by them intercepted. It was not without reason that men believed to be so? had dared to brave through a wide river, climb a mountain so high and move to attack by an absolutely unfavorable: their heroism had made it easy for companies extremely difficult.
Caesar, when he realized that the seventh legion, l? side, was in difficulty, we charge? gradually closer to the tribunes of the two legions, and effected a conversion, to move to the assault. The maneuver allowed the soldiers to help each other and our, now that he feared the most? the encirclement, they began to resist with more courage and fight with the most? force. Meanwhile, soldiers of the two legions of the rearguard, who guarded the baggage, when they had news of the battle, reached the top of the hill running el? appeared to the enemies. E T. Labienus, conquered the area of \u200b\u200bNervi, after seeing from what was happening in our own, mand? in rinforzo la decima legione. Dalla fuga dei cavalieri e dei caloni i soldati si resero conto di come stavano le cose e di quale minaccia incombesse sul campo, sulle legioni e sul comandante e si impegnarono al massimo per arrivare al pi? presto.
XXVII
Horum adventu tanta rerum commutatio est facta ut nostri, etiam qui vulneribus
confecti procubuissent, scutis innixi proelium redintegrarent, calones
perterritos hostes conspicati etiam inermes armatis occurrerent, equites vero,
ut turpitudinem fugae virtute delerent, omnibus in locis pugnae se legionariis
militibus praeferrent. At hostes, etiam in extrema spe salutis, tantam virtutem
praestiterunt ut, cum primi eorum cecidissent, proximi iacentibus insisterent
atque ex eorum corporibus pugnarent, his deiectis et coacervatis cadaveribus qui
superessent ut ex tumulo tela in nostros conicerent et pila intercepta
remitterent: ut non nequiquam tantae virtutis homines iudicari deberet ausos
esse transire latissimum flumen, ascendere altissimas ripas, subire iniquissimum
locum; quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat.
Il loro arrivo capovolse la situazione: perfino i nostri feriti si rialzavano da terra appoggiandosi agli scudi e riprendevano a combattere. I caloni, avendo visto i nemici impauriti, affrontavano anche disarmati chi era armato. I cavalieri, poi, per cancellare la vergogna della flight test with a value in all areas of confrontation preceded the legionnaires. But the enemies, even reduced almost to despair, gave proof of great value to the point that the second file of soldiers climbed over the bodies of the fallen and the first? fought, killed themselves, formed the piles of corpses, from which the survivors, as a mound, threw on our arrows and spears hurled back by them intercepted. It was not without reason that men believed to be so? had dared to brave through a wide river, climb a mountain so high and move to attack by an absolutely unfavorable: their heroism had made it easy for companies extremely difficult.
XXVIII
Hoc proelio facto et prope ad internecionem gente ac nomine Nerviorum redacto, maiores natu, quos una cum pueris mulieribusque in aestuaria ac paludes coniectos dixeramus, hac pugna nuntiata, cum victoribus nihil impeditum, victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur, omnium qui supererant consensu legatos ad Caesarem miserunt seque ei dediderunt; et in commemoranda civitatis calamitate ex DC ad tres senatores, ex hominum milibus LX vix ad D, qui arma ferre possent, sese redactos esse dixerunt. Quos Caesar, ut in miseros ac supplices usus misericordia videretur, diligentissime conservavit suisque finibus atque oppidis used iussit finitimis imperavit et ut et ab iniuria curse if suosque prohiberent.
With the battle was almost? annihilated the race and the name of the nerves. The pi? elderly, with women and children, as was said, were in the ponds and marshes, as soon as they heard the outcome of the battle, considering that nothing would have prevented the winners or protect losers, with the consent of all the survivors sent envoys to Caesar, and surrendered. Citing the rout, he was told that six hundred senators were only three survivors and sixty thousand men able to fight if they were saved barely five hundred. Caesar, render manifest his clemency towards the wretched and the suppliant, li tutel? con ogni cura, permise ai Nervi di mantenere territori e citt?, ingiunse ai popoli limitrofi e ai loro alleati di non provocare offese o danni.
With the battle was almost? annihilated the race and the name of the nerves. The pi? elderly, with women and children, as was said, were in the ponds and marshes, as soon as they heard the outcome of the battle, considering that nothing would have prevented the winners or protect losers, with the consent of all the survivors sent envoys to Caesar, and surrendered. Citing the rout, he was told that six hundred senators were only three survivors and sixty thousand men able to fight if they were saved barely five hundred. Caesar, render manifest his clemency towards the wretched and the suppliant, li tutel? con ogni cura, permise ai Nervi di mantenere territori e citt?, ingiunse ai popoli limitrofi e ai loro alleati di non provocare offese o danni.
XXIX
Atuatuci, de quibus supra diximus, cum omnibus copiis auxilio Nerviis venirent, hac pugna nuntiata ex itinere domum reverterunt; cunctis oppidis castellisque desertis sua omnia in unum oppidum egregie natura munitum contulerunt. Quod cum ex omnibus in circuitu partibus altissimas rupes deiectusque haberet, una ex parte leniter acclivis aditus in latitudinem non amplius pedum CC relinquebatur; quem locum duplici altissimo muro munierant; tum magni ponderis saxa et praeacutas trabes in muro conlocabant. Ipsi erant ex Cimbris Teutonisque prognati, qui, cum iter in provinciam nostram atque Italiam facerent, iis impedimentis quae secum agere ac portare non poterant citra flumen Rhenum depositis custodiam [ex suis] ac praesidium VI milia hominum una reliquerant. Hi post eorum obitum multos annos a finitimis exagitati, cum alias bellum inferrent, alias inlatum defenderent, consensu eorum omnium pace facta hunc sibi domicilio locum delegerant.
Gli Atuatuci - ne abbiamo parlato prima - stavano accorrendo con l'esercito al completo in aiuto dei Nervi, ma, non appena fu loro riferito l'esito dello scontro, senza neppure fermarsi rientrarono in patria. Abbandonata ogni citt? o torre fortificata, si asserragliarono con all their belongings in a single stronghold, very well for the defense posture. From each side of the surrounding high cliffs, where the view prevailed, in a single access point was opened, a slight slope, not more? two hundred yards off: they had fortified with a double wall, high, and now we lie huge boulders and very sharp beams. The Atuatuci descended from the Cimbri and Teutons, who at the time of their penetration into our province and Italy had left on this side of the baggage that Reno could not bring back, entrusting to six thousand of them, responsible for guarding and protecting . They, after the annihilation of the Cimbri and Teutons, for many years tormented by the peoples of the border, supported wars attaccando o difendendosi. Fatta la pace, con il consenso generale delle genti limitrofe, si erano scelti come sede la regione in cui si trovavano.
Gli Atuatuci - ne abbiamo parlato prima - stavano accorrendo con l'esercito al completo in aiuto dei Nervi, ma, non appena fu loro riferito l'esito dello scontro, senza neppure fermarsi rientrarono in patria. Abbandonata ogni citt? o torre fortificata, si asserragliarono con all their belongings in a single stronghold, very well for the defense posture. From each side of the surrounding high cliffs, where the view prevailed, in a single access point was opened, a slight slope, not more? two hundred yards off: they had fortified with a double wall, high, and now we lie huge boulders and very sharp beams. The Atuatuci descended from the Cimbri and Teutons, who at the time of their penetration into our province and Italy had left on this side of the baggage that Reno could not bring back, entrusting to six thousand of them, responsible for guarding and protecting . They, after the annihilation of the Cimbri and Teutons, for many years tormented by the peoples of the border, supported wars attaccando o difendendosi. Fatta la pace, con il consenso generale delle genti limitrofe, si erano scelti come sede la regione in cui si trovavano.
XXX
Ac primo adventu exercitus nostri crebras ex oppido excursiones faciebant parvulisque proeliis cum nostris contendebant; postea vallo pedum XII in circuitu quindecim milium crebrisque castellis circummuniti oppido sese continebant. Ubi vineis actis aggere extructo turrim procul constitui viderunt, primum inridere ex muro atque increpitare vocibus, quod tanta machinatio a tanto spatio institueretur: quibusnam manibus aut quibus viribus praesertim homines tantulae staturae (nam plerumque omnibus Gallis prae magnitude corporum quorum brevitas our contemptui east) wall in many oneris turrim sese conlocare confiderent posse?
Initially, after the arrival of our army, the Atuatuci often carry out raids and were measured with our in minor skirmishes, and later, when they were surrounded by a rampart of fifteen miles of perimeter with numerous small were held within the walls of the city?. Le Vine had already? been pushed forward and the embankment was built, but when they saw that we were preparing, far away, a tower, the walls immediately began yelling at him and why? cos never a gimmick? great was built at such a distance: what hands and what force the Romans, little ones com'erano (tutti i Galli, infatti, per lo pi? disprezzano la nostra statura a confronto dell'imponenza del loro fisico), facevano conto per avvicinare alle mura una torre cos? pesante?
Initially, after the arrival of our army, the Atuatuci often carry out raids and were measured with our in minor skirmishes, and later, when they were surrounded by a rampart of fifteen miles of perimeter with numerous small were held within the walls of the city?. Le Vine had already? been pushed forward and the embankment was built, but when they saw that we were preparing, far away, a tower, the walls immediately began yelling at him and why? cos never a gimmick? great was built at such a distance: what hands and what force the Romans, little ones com'erano (tutti i Galli, infatti, per lo pi? disprezzano la nostra statura a confronto dell'imponenza del loro fisico), facevano conto per avvicinare alle mura una torre cos? pesante?
XXXI
Ubi vero moveri et adpropinquare muris viderunt, nova atque inusitata specie commoti legatos ad Caesarem de pace miserunt, qui ad hunc modum locuti; non se existimare Romanos sine ope divina bellum gerere, qui tantae altitudinis machinationes tanta celeritate promovere possent; se suaque omnia eorum potestati permittere dixerunt. Unum petere ac deprecari: si forte pro sua clementia ac mansuetudine, quam ipsi ab aliis audirent, statuisset Atuatucos esse conservandos, ne se armis despoliaret. Sibi omnes fere finitimos esse inimicos ac suae virtuti invidere; a quibus se defendere traditis armis non possent. Sibi praestare, si in eum casum deducerentur, quamvis fortunam a populo Romano pati quam ab his per cruciatum interfici inter quos dominari consuessent.
Quando, per?, videro che la torre veniva mossa e si avvicinava alle mura, scossi dallo spettacolo, per loro nuovo e inusitato, mandarono a Cesare, per offrire la resa, degli emissari che si espressero nei termini seguenti: erano convinti che i Romani, capaci di muovere tanto rapidamente un marchingegno cos? alto, dovevano godere, in guerra, dell'aiuto divino, perci? essi si sottomettevano con tutti i propri assets to their authority?. They had one request, a plea: if Caesar had never decided to spare them again giving evidence of the mildness and clemency of which they had heard, they begged him not to be deprived of arms. Almost all the neighboring peoples were their enemies, and envied their value, once delivered the weapons, they could not defend themselves. Preferred, if they were being forced by the Roman people suffer instead of any punishment? die in torment at the hands of people on which they were accustomed to command.
Quando, per?, videro che la torre veniva mossa e si avvicinava alle mura, scossi dallo spettacolo, per loro nuovo e inusitato, mandarono a Cesare, per offrire la resa, degli emissari che si espressero nei termini seguenti: erano convinti che i Romani, capaci di muovere tanto rapidamente un marchingegno cos? alto, dovevano godere, in guerra, dell'aiuto divino, perci? essi si sottomettevano con tutti i propri assets to their authority?. They had one request, a plea: if Caesar had never decided to spare them again giving evidence of the mildness and clemency of which they had heard, they begged him not to be deprived of arms. Almost all the neighboring peoples were their enemies, and envied their value, once delivered the weapons, they could not defend themselves. Preferred, if they were being forced by the Roman people suffer instead of any punishment? die in torment at the hands of people on which they were accustomed to command.
XXXII
Ad haec Caesar he replied: if his customary magis quam eorum on civitatem conservaturum, si prius quam murum aries attigisset se dedidissent; sed deditionis nullam esse condicionem nisi armis traditis. Se id quod in Nerviis fecisset facturum finitimisque imperaturum ne quam dediticiis populi Romani iniuriam inferrent. Re renuntiata ad suos illi se quae imperarentur facere dixerunt. Armorum magna multitudine de muro in fossam, quae erat ante oppidum, iacta, sic ut prope summam muri aggerisque altitudinem acervi armorum adaequarent, et tamen circiter parte tertia, ut postea perspectum est, celata atque in oppido retenta, portis patefactis eo die pace sunt usi.
Alle loro richieste Cesare rispose: avrebbe risparmiato il popolo degli Atuatuci, per proprio costume pi? che per loro merito, se si fossero arresi prima che l'ariete avesse touched the wall, but the only condition of surrender was the delivery of weapons. It would be set as the nerves, ordering people not to inflict wrongs neighbors who had surrendered to the Roman people. The items were reported to Caesar and Atuatuci declared themselves willing to obey. Threw the wall into the ditch, which ran in front of the city?, Such a quantity? weapons, that the combined reach nearly Sommit? of the wall and the height of our bank: and yet - you find out? later - had been held and had hidden in the city? approximately one third of the weapons. Open the doors for the day remained peaceful.
Alle loro richieste Cesare rispose: avrebbe risparmiato il popolo degli Atuatuci, per proprio costume pi? che per loro merito, se si fossero arresi prima che l'ariete avesse touched the wall, but the only condition of surrender was the delivery of weapons. It would be set as the nerves, ordering people not to inflict wrongs neighbors who had surrendered to the Roman people. The items were reported to Caesar and Atuatuci declared themselves willing to obey. Threw the wall into the ditch, which ran in front of the city?, Such a quantity? weapons, that the combined reach nearly Sommit? of the wall and the height of our bank: and yet - you find out? later - had been held and had hidden in the city? approximately one third of the weapons. Open the doors for the day remained peaceful.
XXXIII
Sub vesperum Caesar portas claudi militesque ex oppido exire iussit, ne quam noctu oppidani a militibus iniuriam acciperent. Illi ante inito, ut intellectum est, consilio, quod deditione facta nostros praesidia deducturos aut denique indiligentius servaturos crediderant, partim cum iis quae retinuerant et celaverant armis, partim scutis ex cortice factis aut viminibus intextis, quae subito, ut temporis exiguitas postulabat, pellibus induxerant, tertia vigilia, qua minime arduus ad nostras munitiones accensus videbatur, omnibus copiis repente ex oppido eruptionem fecerunt. Celeriter, ut ante Caesar imperaverat, ignibus significatione facta, ex proximis castellis eo concursum est, pugnatumque ab hostibus ita acriter est ut a viris fortibus in extrema spe salutis iniquo loco contra eos qui ex vallo turribusque tela iacerent pugnari debuit, cum in una virtute omnis spes consisteret. Occisis ad hominum milibus IIII reliqui in oppidum reiecti sunt. Postridie eius diei refractis portis, cum iam defenderet nemo, atque intromissis militibus nostris, sectionem eius oppidi universam Caesar vendidit. Ab iis qui emerant capitum numerus ad eum relatus est milium LIII.
Verso sera Cesare ordin? che le porte venissero chiuse e che i soldati romani lasciassero la citt?, perch? non si verificassero atti di violenza nei confronti della popolazione. Gli Atuatuci, come si cap? in seguito, avevano architettato un piano, pensando che i nostri, dopo la resa, avrebbero tolto i presidi o, almeno, avrebbero loose supervision. Why, with weapons that had taken place and had hidden or with shields of bark or wicker, covered with skins on the fly, as required by the limited time available, after midnight mass attempted a sudden sally, pointing against our fortifications on the road less steep. Quickly, as previous order of Caesar, reports were made with small fires and more? our neighbors ran. The enemy is fighting? furiously, as befits the brave warriors who, forced to fight, and in the final moment in a difficult position, against opponents who threw their arrows on the rampart and the towers, are placing all hope of salvation only in their value. It was uccisi circa quattromila, gli altri vennero ricacciati in citt?. Il giorno seguente furono abbattute le porte, ormai sguarnite, e i nostri soldati entrarono in citt?. Cesare vendette all'asta tutto quanto il bottino. I compratori gli riferirono il numero dei prigionieri: cinquantatremila.
Verso sera Cesare ordin? che le porte venissero chiuse e che i soldati romani lasciassero la citt?, perch? non si verificassero atti di violenza nei confronti della popolazione. Gli Atuatuci, come si cap? in seguito, avevano architettato un piano, pensando che i nostri, dopo la resa, avrebbero tolto i presidi o, almeno, avrebbero loose supervision. Why, with weapons that had taken place and had hidden or with shields of bark or wicker, covered with skins on the fly, as required by the limited time available, after midnight mass attempted a sudden sally, pointing against our fortifications on the road less steep. Quickly, as previous order of Caesar, reports were made with small fires and more? our neighbors ran. The enemy is fighting? furiously, as befits the brave warriors who, forced to fight, and in the final moment in a difficult position, against opponents who threw their arrows on the rampart and the towers, are placing all hope of salvation only in their value. It was uccisi circa quattromila, gli altri vennero ricacciati in citt?. Il giorno seguente furono abbattute le porte, ormai sguarnite, e i nostri soldati entrarono in citt?. Cesare vendette all'asta tutto quanto il bottino. I compratori gli riferirono il numero dei prigionieri: cinquantatremila.
XXXIV
Eodem tempore a P. Crasso, quem cum legione una miserat ad Venetos, Venellos, Osismos, Coriosolitas, Esuvios, Aulercos, Redones, quae sunt maritimae civitates Oceanumque attingunt, certior factus est omnes eas civitates in dicionem potestatemque populi Romani esse redactas.
Nello stesso tempo P. Crasso, che era stato mandato con una legione nelle terre dei Veneti, degli Unelli, degli Osismi, dei Coriosoliti, degli Esuvi, degli Aulerci e dei Redoni, popoli marittimi che si affacciano sull'Oceano, inform? Cesare di averli sottomessi tutti all'autorit? e al dominio di Roma.
Nello stesso tempo P. Crasso, che era stato mandato con una legione nelle terre dei Veneti, degli Unelli, degli Osismi, dei Coriosoliti, degli Esuvi, degli Aulerci e dei Redoni, popoli marittimi che si affacciano sull'Oceano, inform? Cesare di averli sottomessi tutti all'autorit? e al dominio di Roma.
XXXV
His rebus gestis omni Gallia pacata, tanta huius belli ad barbaros opinio perlata est uti ab iis nationibus quae trans Rhenum incolerent legationes ad Caesarem mitterentur, quae se obsides daturas, imperata facturas pollicerentur. Quas legationes Caesar, quod in Italiam Illyricumque properabat, inita proxima aestate ad se reverti iussit. Ipse in Carnutes, Andes, Turonos quaeque civitates propinquae iis locis erant ubi bellum gesserat, legionibus in hiberna deductis, in Italiam profectus est. Ob easque res ex litteris Caesaris dierum XV supplicatio decreta est, quod ante id tempus accidit nulli.
Portate a termine tali imprese e pacificata la Gallia, si diffuse tra i barbari una tale fama di questa guerra, che i popoli d'oltre Reno inviarono a Cesare ambascerie impegnandosi alla consegna di ostaggi e all'obbedienza. Cesare, che aveva fretta di partire per l'Italia e l'Illirico, invit? i messi delle legazioni a ripresentarsi all'inizio dell'estate successiva. E, condotte le legioni negli accampamenti invernali, nelle terre dei Carnuti, degli Andi, dei Turoni e dei popoli close to places where they fought, if they part? for Italy. Following his exploits, sent a letter to Caesar, were decreed a fortnight's solemn feasts of thanksgiving, honor ever bestowed on anyone before.
Portate a termine tali imprese e pacificata la Gallia, si diffuse tra i barbari una tale fama di questa guerra, che i popoli d'oltre Reno inviarono a Cesare ambascerie impegnandosi alla consegna di ostaggi e all'obbedienza. Cesare, che aveva fretta di partire per l'Italia e l'Illirico, invit? i messi delle legazioni a ripresentarsi all'inizio dell'estate successiva. E, condotte le legioni negli accampamenti invernali, nelle terre dei Carnuti, degli Andi, dei Turoni e dei popoli close to places where they fought, if they part? for Italy. Following his exploits, sent a letter to Caesar, were decreed a fortnight's solemn feasts of thanksgiving, honor ever bestowed on anyone before.
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